Arduous in Chinese
arduous · HSK 5
艰苦
- 艰 difficult
- 苦 bitter
那里的生活条件很艰苦。 Living conditions there are very hard.
Other ways to say arduous
More words with 艰 or 苦
How do you say arduous in Chinese?
Arduous in Chinese is 艰苦 (jiān kǔ). You can also say 艰辛 (jiān xīn).
Which word should I use?
Start with the first one: it is the easiest on the HSK list. The others say it too, often in a more formal way or for a narrower sense; each one’s page has real sentences that show how it is used.
Where do these words come from?
Our own dictionary’s meanings for the official HSK word list. A word is shown for an English word when that is one of its first meanings; the easiest word whose first meaning it is comes first.
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Meanings from our own dictionary. Chinese often has more than one way to say a word.