胡同是什么?
What is a Beijing hutong?
Name: ________________ Date: ________
Key words
| Word | Pinyin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 进入 | jìnrù | to enter; to get into |
| 棵 | kē | classifier for trees, plants and vegetables |
| 胡同 | hútòng | alley; lane; hutong |
| 窄 | zhǎi | narrow |
| 灰色 | huīsè | gray |
| 大爷 | dàyé | (polite) grandpa; old sir (to an older man) |
| 好奇 | hàoqí | curious |
| 围 | wéi | to surround; to encircle |
| 修建 | xiūjiàn | to build; to construct |
| 学者 | xuézhě | scholar; academic |
| 至今 | zhìjīn | to this day; so far; until now |
| 排列 | páiliè | to arrange; to line up |
English (for the teacher)
In Beijing, your phone's map app will sometimes tell you, “In fifty metres, turn right into the hutong.” You turn in and look: the lane is only wide enough for one bicycle, grey brick walls run along both sides, a jujube tree leans out over the top of a wall, and an old man sits on a little stool by his door playing chess. This is a hutong. Plenty of people in Beijing for the first time wonder: what exactly is a hutong? And where does the word come from?
Put simply, a hutong is one of Beijing's little lanes. But the two characters 胡同 don't tell you anything by themselves. One theory is that the word comes from a Mongolian word meaning “well”. In the Yuan dynasty the Mongols built their capital, Dadu, here, the city that became today's Beijing. People can't live without water, so houses were often built around wells, and the paths beside the wells slowly became hutongs. Of course, this is only one scholarly guess, and opinions still differ today.
The houses lined up along a hutong are mostly siheyuan. A siheyuan is a home with buildings on all four sides around a courtyard in the middle. In the old days one courtyard was often home to several generations of a family, the children went out the door to play in the hutong, and neighbours knew each other especially well. Beijing winters are cold and long, so most houses face south to let the sun into the rooms; that is why most hutongs run east to west, with smaller north-south lanes joining them up. Seen from the air, old Beijing looked like a neat chessboard.
Naturally, some hutongs don't follow the rules. Qianshi Hutong, near Qianmen Street, is only about forty centimetres wide at its narrowest, so when two people meet, one has to turn sideways to let the other pass. And Jiudaowan Hutong winds back and forth through nineteen turns in all, so first-timers get lost easily.
Qing dynasty records list more than nine hundred Beijing lanes actually named “hutong”; by 1949 there were over thirteen hundred. But in the decades of rebuilding that followed, huge numbers of hutongs were torn down, and tower blocks and wide roads went up in their place. Of the hutongs that remain, some have become busy sights packed with tourists taking photos, while others are still quiet, home to old people who have never left in their lives.
So next time your map app sends you into a hutong, slow down. On these narrow lanes you are not just seeing a little alley, but seven hundred years of a city's everyday life.