纸是蔡伦发明的吗?
Who invented paper? Cai Lun and the older paper
Name: ________________ Date: ________
Key words
| Word | Pinyin | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 片 | piàn | film; movie (as in 影片) |
| 重 | zhòng | layer (as in 万重山) |
| 答案 | dá’àn | answer; solution |
| 负责 | fùzé | to be in charge of; to be responsible for |
| 各种 | gèzhǒng | all kinds of; various |
| 叫作 | jiàozuò | to be called; to be known as |
| 世纪 | shìjì | century |
| 完全 | wánquán | completely; entirely; totally; complete; whole |
| 适合 | shìhé | to suit; to fit; to be right for |
| 大量 | dàliàng | large amount; large quantity; in large quantities; heavily |
| 生 | shēng | to give birth to; to bear |
| 占 | zhàn | to occupy; to take up |
English (for the teacher)
More than two thousand years ago, a man called Dongfang Shuo wanted to go to Chang'an and become an official. He wrote a letter to Emperor Wu of Han introducing himself. The letter was written on three thousand wooden slips, and it took two men to lift it. Emperor Wu read it bit by bit, and it took him two months to finish.
There was no paper yet. People usually wrote on strips of bamboo or wood, which were heavy and took up space. Some wrote on silk, but silk was far too expensive for ordinary people.
So who invented paper? The answer many Chinese people read in their textbooks as children is Cai Lun.
Cai Lun was an official who worked in the palace in the Eastern Han, in charge of making all kinds of things for the emperor. In the year 105 he presented the emperor with a new way of making paper. Everything he used was cheap: tree bark, old hemp, rags and old fishing nets. You put these things in water, boiled them soft, beat them into pulp, then spread it out thin, and once it dried in the sun, it was paper. The emperor was very pleased, and later people called this paper “Marquis Cai paper”.
But the story doesn't end there. In the 1980s, archaeologists at Fangmatan, near Tianshui in Gansu, found a small, very thin piece of paper with a map drawn on it. Experts believe it is from the Western Han, more than two hundred years before Cai Lun. Paper older than Cai Lun has since been found in other places too.
So were the textbooks wrong? Not entirely. Many scholars now think China already had paper before Cai Lun, but it was fairly rough, few people made it, and it wasn't very good for writing on. What Cai Lun did was improve the way paper was made: the materials were cheaper, the paper was better to use, and it could be made in large amounts. Only after that did paper slowly find its way into ordinary people's lives.
So if someone asks you who invented paper, you can answer like this: paper wasn't invented by Cai Lun alone, but without him it might have had to wait many more years to become something everyone could afford.
Just think: if Dongfang Shuo had been born three hundred years later, his letter would have been on paper, and one person could have carried it off. As for Emperor Wu, he probably wouldn't have needed two months to read it.