HSK 5 · Article · 526 characters · Listen: mandarinthewild.com/library/read/who-was-zheng-he

郑和是谁?

Who was Zheng He? China's admiral of the treasure ships

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六百多liùbǎiduō年nián前qián,一yì只zhī来自láizì非洲fēizhōu的de长颈鹿chángjǐnglù坐zuò着zhe船chuán来到láidào了le中国zhōngguó。宫gōng里的de人rén从来没cóngláiméi见jiàn过guò这么zhème高gāo的de动物dòngwù,有人yǒurén说shuō,它tā就是jiùshì传说chuánshuō中zhōng的de麒麟qílín,它tā的de出现chūxiàn说明shuōmíng皇帝huángdì做得好zuòdehǎo。那么nàme,是shì谁shéi把bǎ它tā带来dàilái的de呢ne?是shì郑和zhènghé的de船队chuánduì。

郑和zhènghé本来běnlái不bú姓xìng郑zhèng。1371年nián,他tā出生chūshēng在zài云南yúnnán一个yígè信仰xìnyǎng伊斯兰教yīsīlánjiào的de家庭jiātíng,原来yuánlái的de名字míngzi叫jiào马和。他tā还是háishi个gè孩子háizi的de时候shíhou,明朝míngcháo的de士兵shìbīng打dǎ到dào了le云南yúnnán,他tā被bèi抓走zhuāzǒu,后来hòulái成chéng了le太监tàijiàn,在zài朱棣zhūdì身边shēnbiān做事zuòshì。

朱棣zhūdì后来hòulái当上dāngshàng了le皇帝huángdì,也yě就是jiùshì永乐yǒnglè皇帝huángdì。马和在zài打仗dǎzhàng中zhōng帮bāng了le他tā很hěn大dà的de忙máng,皇帝huángdì就jiù给gěi他tā改gǎi了le姓xìng,从此cóngcǐ他tā叫jiào郑和zhènghé。

1405年nián,郑和zhènghé第一次dìyīcì带dài着zhe船队chuánduì出海chūhǎi。船队chuánduì有yǒu三百多sānbǎiduō条tiáo船chuán,将近jiāngjìn两万八千liǎngwàn-bāqiān人rén。这zhè比bǐ哥伦布gēlúnbù出海chūhǎi早zǎo了le八十多bāshíduō年nián。

船队chuánduì里li最zuì大dà的de船chuán叫jiào“宝船bǎochuán”。古书gǔshū上shàng说shuō,宝船bǎochuán有yǒu一百多yìbǎiduō米mǐ长cháng,比bǐ一yí个gè足球场zúqiúchǎng还hái长cháng。不过búguò,很hěn多duō现代xiàndài学者xuézhě觉得juéde这zhè个gè数字shùzì太tài夸张kuāzhāng了le,他们tāmen认为rènwéi宝船bǎochuán可能kěnéng只有zhíyǒu六七十liùqīshí米mǐ长cháng。

从cóng1405年nián到dào1433年nián,郑和zhènghé一共yígòng七qī次cì出海chūhǎi。他tā去qù过guò东南亚dōngnányà、印度yìndù和hé阿拉伯ālābó,最zuì远yuǎn到dào了le非洲fēizhōu东边dōngbiān的de海边hǎibiān。船队chuánduì带dài去qù了le丝绸sīchóu、瓷器cíqì和hé金银jīnyín,作为zuòwéi送给sònggěi各国gèguó的de礼物lǐwù;带dài回来huílai的de,有yǒu象牙xiàngyá,有yǒu很hěn多duō中国zhōngguó人rén从来没cóngláiméi见jiàn过guò的de动物dòngwù,还有háiyǒu那nà只zhī让ràng人rén吃惊chījīng的de长颈鹿chángjǐnglù。

一般yìbān认为rènwéi,郑和zhènghé是shì在zài第dì七qī次cì出海chūhǎi的de时候shíhou去世qùshì的de,他tā的de身体shēntǐ留liú在zài了le大海dàhǎi里。所以suóyǐ,南京nánjīng的de郑和zhènghé墓mù里,其实qíshí什么shénme也yě没有méiyǒu。

郑和zhènghé去世qùshì以后yǐhòu,明朝míngcháo再也zàiyě没有méiyǒu派pài过guò这样zhèyàng的de船队chuánduì。很hěn多duō官员guānyuán反对fǎnduì,说shuō出chū海hǎi花钱huāqián太tài多duō,国家guójiā的de钱qián也yě要yào用来yònglái保护bǎohù北方běifāng的de边境biānjìng。后来hòulái很hěn长cháng一段时间yíduàn-shíjiān里li,人们rénmen几乎jīhū忘记wàngjì了le郑和zhènghé这zhè个gè名字míngzi。

今天jīntiān,中国zhōngguó把bǎ每年měinián的de7月yuè11日rì定为dìngwéi“航海hánghǎi日rì”。这zhè一yì天tiān,正是zhèngshì1405年nián郑和zhènghé第一次dìyīcì出海chūhǎi的de日子rìzi。

Key words

WordPinyinMeaning
出现chūxiànto appear; to emerge; to arise
说明shuōmíngexplanation; instructions; to explain; to illustrate
家庭jiātíngfamily; household
改gǎito change; to alter
从此cóngcǐfrom now on; from then on; henceforth
数字shùzìnumber; digit; figure
作为zuòwéias; in the capacity of
吃惊chījīngto be surprised; to be startled
留liúto keep; to retain
反对fǎnduìto oppose; to object to; to be against
用来yòngláito be used for
保护bǎohùto protect; to safeguard; protection

English (for the teacher)

More than six hundred years ago, a giraffe from Africa arrived in China by ship. No one at court had ever seen such a tall animal, and some said it was the qilin of legend, whose appearance meant the emperor was ruling well. So who brought it? Zheng He's fleet.

Zheng He wasn't born with the surname Zheng. He was born in 1371 in Yunnan, into a Muslim family, and his original name was Ma He. When he was still a child, the Ming army reached Yunnan; he was taken away, later became a eunuch, and served at the side of Zhu Di.

Zhu Di later became emperor, the Yongle Emperor. Ma He helped him a great deal in his wars, so the emperor gave him a new surname, and from then on he was Zheng He.

In 1405 Zheng He led his fleet out to sea for the first time. The fleet had more than three hundred ships and nearly twenty-eight thousand people. That was more than eighty years before Columbus set sail.

The biggest ships in the fleet were called “treasure ships”. Old books say a treasure ship was more than a hundred metres long, longer than a football pitch. But many modern scholars think the number is far too big; they believe the treasure ships may have been only sixty or seventy metres long.

From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went to sea seven times. He went to Southeast Asia, India and Arabia, and as far as the east coast of Africa. The fleet carried silk, porcelain, gold and silver as gifts for other countries; it brought back ivory, many animals Chinese people had never seen, and that astonishing giraffe.

It is generally believed that Zheng He died during the seventh voyage and was buried at sea. So Zheng He's tomb in Nanjing actually holds nothing at all.

After Zheng He died, the Ming never sent out a fleet like that again. Many officials were against it, saying the voyages cost too much and the country's money was needed to defend the northern border. For a long time afterwards, people all but forgot Zheng He's name.

Today China has made 11 July every year its Maritime Day. That is the very day Zheng He first set sail in 1405.